Fundamental Philosophy Surgery Series
Cross-Sectional Anatomy
Cross-Sectional Anatomy | Key Figure for Cross Sections
Cross-Sectional Anatomy | Cross Section of Thorax at T3 Level
Transverse Section: Lower Level of T3, Sternoclavicular Joint
Manubrium
Brachiocephalic trunk
Trachea
Left brachiocephalic vein
Left common carotid artery
Left vagus nerve (X)
Pectoralis minor muscle
Left subclavian artery
Shaft or left humerus
Long head of triceps brachii muscle
Teres minor muscle
Scapula
Left lung
Infraspinatus muscle
Serratus anterior muscle
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
Thoracic duct
Erector spinae muscle
Rhomboid major muscle
Transversospinalis muscle
Spinal cord
Body of T3 vertebra
Trapezius muscle
Costotransverse joint
Rhomboid major muscle
Esophagus
Right vagus nerve (X)
Phrenic nerve
Subscapularis muscle
Intercostal muscles
Teres minor muscle
Deltoid muscle
Surgical neck of right humerus
Tendon of long head of biceps brachii muscle
Axillary fossa
Right lung
Pectoralis major muscle
Costal cartilage of 1st rib
Right brachiocephalic vein
Clavicle
Sternoclavicular joint (articular disc)
Mediastinal lymph node
Cross-Sectional Anatomy | Cross Section of Thorax at T3-4 Level
Transverse Section: T3-4 Intervertebral Disc, Manubrium
Trachea
Thymus
Manubrium
Arch of aorta
Internal thoracic artery and vein
Left lung
Ribs
Pectoralis major muscle
Pectoralis minor muscle
Axillary fossa
Combined short head of biceps brachii and coracobrachialis muscles
Tendon of long head of biceps brachii muscle
Shaft of humerus
Lateral head of triceps brachii muscle
Long head of triceps brachii muscle
Left latissimus dorsi tendon (inserting onto humerus)
Teres major muscle
Subscapularis muscle
Teres minor muscle
Scapula
Infraspinatus muscle
Oblique fissure (of left lung)
Left vagus nerve (X)
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
Spinal cord
Trapezius muscle
Rhomboid muscle
T3-4 intervertebral disc
Thoracic duct
Esophagus
Scapula
Teres minor muscle
Teres major muscle
Long head of triceps brachii muscle
Deltoid muscle
Shaft of humerus
Latissimus dorsi
Tendon of long head of biceps brachii muscle
Serratus anterior muscle
Intercostal muscles
Right lung
Arch of azygos vein
Right phrenic nerve
Superior vena cava
Superior tracheobronchial lymph node
Cross-Sectional Anatomy | Cross Section of Thorax at T4-5 Level
Transverse Section: T4-5 Intervertebral Disc, Sternal Angle
Manubriosternal junction
Internal thoracic artery and vein
2nd costal cartilage
Pulmonary trunk
Left pulmonary artery
Left lung
Pectoralis minor muscle
Ribs
Long head of biceps brachii muscle
Shaft of humerus
Latissimus dorsi tendon
Teres major muscle
Serratus anterior muscle
Subscapularis muscle
Left main bronchus
Descending aorta
Accessory hemiazygos vein
Trapezius muscle
Thoracic duct
T4-5 intervertebral disc
Esophagus
Azygos vein
Right main bronchus
Rhomboid major muscle
Infraspinatus muscle
Scapula
Teres major muscle
Long head of triceps brachii muscle
Latissimus dorsi tendon
Lateral head of triceps brachii muscle
Deltoid muscle
Coracobrachialis
Tendon of long head of biceps brachii muscle
Axillary fossa
Right lung
Pectoralis major muscle
Superior vena cava
Right pulmonary artery
Ascending aorta
Inferior tracheobronchial lymph nodes
Cross-Sectional Anatomy | Cross Section of Thorax at T7 Level
Transverse Section: Level of T7, 3rd Interchondral Space
Sternum (body)
Right ventricle
Anterior interventricular sulcus
Pectoralis major muscle
Apex of heart
Interventricular septum
Papillary muscle
Left ventricle
Leaflet of mitral valve
Coronary sulcus
Coronary sinus
Oblique pericardial sinus
Descending aorta
Thoracic duct
Latissimus dorsi muscle
Triangle of auscultation
Head of 7th rib
Body of T7 vertebra
Trapezius muscle
Zygapophyseal (facet) joint
Neck of 7th rib
Triangle of auscultation
Inferior angle of scapula
Latissimus dorsi muscle
Serratus anterior muscle
Azygos vein
Esophagus
Right inferior pulmonary vein
Superior vena cava
Interatrial septum
Right atrium
Left atrium
Internal thoracic artery and vein
Coronary sulcus
Orifice of tricuspid valve
Viscera (Accessory Organs) | Schematic Cross Section of Abdomen at T10
Body of T10 vertebra
Inferior lobe of right lung in costodiaphragmatic recess
Latissimus dorsi muscle
Diaphragm
Azygos vein
Serratus anterior muscle
Inferior vena cava
Right crus of diaphragm (forming right boundary of esophageal hiatus)
Liver
Rectus abdominis muscle
Diaphragm
Xiphoid process
Costal cartilages
Esophagogastric junction
Gastric folds (rugae)
Fundus of stomach
Right crus of diaphragm (forming left boundary of esophageal hiatus)
Thoracic aorta
Left crus of diaphragm
Spleen
Inferior lobe of left lung in costodiaphragmatic recess
Erector spinae muscle
Thoracic duct
Viscera (Accessory Organs) | Schematic Cross Section of Abdomen at T12
Transverse Section: Level of T12, Inferior to Xiphoid
Pyloric canal
Pylorus
Right colic (hepatic) flexure of colon
Gallbladder
Superior (1st) part of duodenum
Hepatoduodenal ligament
Liver
(Common) bile duct of Portal triad
Proper hepatic artery of Portal triad
Portal vein
Inferior vena cava
Right suprarenal gland
Right crus of diaphragm
Pancreas
Thoracic aorta
Left crus of diaphragm
Superior pole of left kidney
Left suprarenal gland
Splenic artery and vein
Spleen
Descending colon (descending from left colic flexure)
Bifurcation of celiac trunk
Transverse colon (ascending to left colic flexure)
Jejunum
Stomach
Kidneys and Suprarenal Glands | Schematic Cross Section of Abdomen of T12-L1
Superior mesenteric vein (becoming portal vein)
Pancreas (head)
Transverse colon
Ascending colon (right colic flexure)
(Common) bile duct
Descending (2nd) part of duodenum
Inferior vena cava
Right suprarenal gland
Liver
Superior pole of right kidney
Right crus of diaphragm
T12-L1 intervertebral disc
Celiac trunk
Splenic vein
Transverse colon
Jejunum
External oblique muscle
Descending colon
Left suprarenal gland
Spleen
Renal cortex of Left kidney
Renal medulla of Left kidney
Abdominal aorta
Kidneys and Suprarenal Glands | Schematic Cross Section of Abdomen at L1-2
Greater omentum
Pancreas with uncinate process
Transverse colon
Junction of 2nd and 3rd parts of duodenum
Ascending colon
Liver
Right renal vein
(entering inferior vena cava)
Right kidney
Inferior vena cava
Right crus of diaphragm
Psoas major muscle
L1-2 intervertebral disc
Conus medullaris and cauda equina
Superior mesenteric vein
Superior mesenteric artery
Transverse colon Ileum
Jejunum
Perirenal fat
Ureteropelvic junction
Descending colon
Renal fascia
Left kidney
Major calyx and renal pelvis
Pararenal fat
Left renal artery
Left renal vein (entering inferior vena cava)
Left crus of diaphragm
Abdominal aorta
Regional Transverse Section | Male Pelvis: Bladder-Prostate Junction
Superior portion of pubic symphysis
Spermatic cord
Beginning of urethra
Prostate gland with prostatic urethra
Psoas muscle and tendon
Iliacus muscle
Head of femur
Neck of femur
Gluteus medius muscle
Gluteus minimus tendon
Greater trochanter
Inferior gemellus muscle
Right sciatic nerve
Gluteus maximus muscle
Obturator internus muscle
Sacrotuberous ligament
Ejaculatory ducts
Perineal flexure (termination of rectum, beginning of anal canal)
Tip coccyx
Levator ani muscle (puborectalis)
Fat body of ischioanal fossa
Pudendal nerve
Internal pudendal artery and vein
Left sciatic nerve
Lunate (articular) surface of acetabulum
Acetabular fossa
Obturator artery, vein, and nerve
Gluteus medius muscle
Tensor fasciae latae muscle
Rectus femoris muscle
Iliopsoas muscle
Sartorius muscle
Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Pectineus muscle
Body of pubisAdductor longus muscle
Interior of urinary bladder
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