Fundamental Philosophy Surgery Series | Cross-Sectional Anatomy



Fundamental Philosophy Surgery Series

Cross-Sectional Anatomy



Cross-Sectional Anatomy | Key Figure for Cross Sections


Vertebral Level

Plate Number

T3-4

243

T4-5

244

T5-6

245

T7

246

T10

293

T12

297

T12-L1

338

L1-2

339

Coccyx

376


Cross-Sectional Anatomy | Cross Section of Thorax at T3 Level


Transverse Section: Lower Level of T3, Sternoclavicular Joint

Manubrium

Brachiocephalic trunk

Trachea

Left brachiocephalic vein

Left common carotid artery

Left vagus nerve (X)

Pectoralis minor muscle

Left subclavian artery

Shaft or left humerus

Long head of triceps brachii muscle

Teres minor muscle

Scapula

Left lung

Infraspinatus muscle

Serratus anterior muscle

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve

Thoracic duct

Erector spinae muscle

Rhomboid major muscle

Transversospinalis muscle

Spinal cord

Body of T3 vertebra

Trapezius muscle

Costotransverse joint

Rhomboid major muscle

Esophagus

Right vagus nerve (X)

Phrenic nerve

Subscapularis muscle

Intercostal muscles

Teres minor muscle

Deltoid muscle

Surgical neck of right humerus

Tendon of long head of biceps brachii muscle

Axillary fossa

Right lung

Pectoralis major muscle

Costal cartilage of 1st rib

Right brachiocephalic vein

Clavicle

Sternoclavicular joint (articular disc)

Mediastinal lymph node


Cross-Sectional Anatomy | Cross Section of Thorax at T3-4 Level


Transverse Section: T3-4 Intervertebral Disc, Manubrium

Trachea

Thymus

Manubrium

Arch of aorta

Internal thoracic artery and vein

Left lung

Ribs

Pectoralis major muscle

Pectoralis minor muscle

Axillary fossa

Combined short head of biceps brachii and coracobrachialis muscles

Tendon of long head of biceps brachii muscle

Shaft of humerus 

Lateral head of triceps brachii muscle

Long head of triceps brachii muscle

Left latissimus dorsi tendon (inserting onto humerus)

Teres major muscle

Subscapularis muscle

Teres minor muscle

Scapula

Infraspinatus muscle

Oblique fissure (of left lung)

Left vagus nerve (X)

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve

Spinal cord

Trapezius muscle

Rhomboid muscle

T3-4 intervertebral disc

Thoracic duct

Esophagus

Scapula

Teres minor muscle

Teres major muscle

Long head of triceps brachii muscle

Deltoid muscle

Shaft of humerus

Latissimus dorsi

Tendon of long head of biceps brachii muscle

Serratus anterior muscle

Intercostal muscles

Right lung

Arch of azygos vein

Right phrenic nerve

Superior vena cava

Superior tracheobronchial lymph node


Cross-Sectional Anatomy | Cross Section of Thorax at T4-5 Level


Transverse Section: T4-5 Intervertebral Disc, Sternal Angle

Manubriosternal junction

Internal thoracic artery and vein

2nd costal cartilage

Pulmonary trunk

Left pulmonary artery

Left lung

Pectoralis minor muscle

Ribs

Long head of biceps brachii muscle

Shaft of humerus

Latissimus dorsi tendon

Teres major muscle

Serratus anterior muscle

Subscapularis muscle

Left main bronchus

Descending aorta

Accessory hemiazygos vein

Trapezius muscle

Thoracic duct

T4-5 intervertebral disc

Esophagus

Azygos vein

Right main bronchus

Rhomboid major muscle

Infraspinatus muscle

Scapula

Teres major muscle

Long head of triceps brachii muscle

Latissimus dorsi tendon

Lateral head of triceps brachii muscle

Deltoid muscle

Coracobrachialis

Tendon of long head of biceps brachii muscle

Axillary fossa

Right lung

Pectoralis major muscle

Superior vena cava

Right pulmonary artery

Ascending aorta

Inferior tracheobronchial lymph nodes


Cross-Sectional Anatomy | Cross Section of Thorax at T7 Level


Transverse Section: Level of T7, 3rd Interchondral Space

Sternum (body)

Right ventricle

Anterior interventricular sulcus

Pectoralis major muscle

Apex of heart

Interventricular septum

Papillary muscle

Left ventricle

Leaflet of mitral valve

Coronary sulcus

Coronary sinus

Oblique pericardial sinus

Descending aorta

Thoracic duct

Latissimus dorsi muscle

Triangle of auscultation

Head of 7th rib

Body of T7 vertebra

Trapezius muscle

Zygapophyseal (facet) joint

Neck of 7th rib

Triangle of auscultation

Inferior angle of scapula

Latissimus dorsi muscle

Serratus anterior muscle

Azygos vein

Esophagus

Right inferior pulmonary vein

Superior vena cava

Interatrial septum

Right atrium

Left atrium

Internal thoracic artery and vein

Coronary sulcus

Orifice of tricuspid valve


Viscera (Accessory Organs) | Schematic Cross Section of Abdomen at T10


Body of T10 vertebra

Inferior lobe of right lung in costodiaphragmatic recess

Latissimus dorsi muscle

Diaphragm

Azygos vein

Serratus anterior muscle

Inferior vena cava

Right crus of diaphragm (forming right boundary of esophageal hiatus)

Liver

Rectus abdominis muscle

Diaphragm

Xiphoid process

Costal cartilages

Esophagogastric junction

Gastric folds (rugae)

Fundus of stomach

Right crus of diaphragm (forming left boundary of esophageal hiatus)

Thoracic aorta

Left crus of diaphragm

Spleen

Inferior lobe of left lung in costodiaphragmatic recess

Erector spinae muscle

Thoracic duct


Viscera (Accessory Organs) | Schematic Cross Section of Abdomen at T12


Transverse Section: Level of T12, Inferior to Xiphoid

Pyloric canal

Pylorus

Right colic (hepatic) flexure of colon

Gallbladder

Superior (1st) part of duodenum

Hepatoduodenal ligament

Liver

(Common) bile duct of Portal triad

Proper hepatic artery of Portal triad

Portal vein

Inferior vena cava

Right suprarenal gland

Right crus of diaphragm

Pancreas

Thoracic aorta

Left crus of diaphragm

Superior pole of left kidney

Left suprarenal gland

Splenic artery and vein

Spleen

Descending colon (descending from left colic flexure)

Bifurcation of celiac trunk

Transverse colon (ascending to left colic flexure)

Jejunum

Stomach


Kidneys and Suprarenal Glands | Schematic Cross Section of Abdomen of T12-L1


Superior mesenteric vein (becoming portal vein)

Pancreas (head)

Transverse colon

Ascending colon (right colic flexure)

(Common) bile duct

Descending (2nd) part of duodenum

Inferior vena cava

Right suprarenal gland

Liver

Superior pole of right kidney

Right crus of diaphragm

T12-L1 intervertebral disc

Celiac trunk

Splenic vein

Transverse colon

Jejunum

External oblique muscle

Descending colon

Left suprarenal gland

Spleen

Renal cortex of Left kidney

Renal medulla of Left kidney

Abdominal aorta


Kidneys and Suprarenal Glands | Schematic Cross Section of Abdomen at L1-2


Greater omentum

Pancreas with uncinate process

Transverse colon

Junction of 2nd and 3rd parts of duodenum

Ascending colon

Liver

Right renal vein

(entering inferior vena cava)

Right kidney

Inferior vena cava

Right crus of diaphragm

Psoas major muscle

L1-2 intervertebral disc

Conus medullaris and cauda equina

Superior mesenteric vein

Superior mesenteric artery

Transverse colon Ileum

Jejunum

Perirenal fat

Ureteropelvic junction

Descending colon

Renal fascia

Left kidney

Major calyx and renal pelvis

Pararenal fat

Left renal artery

Left renal vein (entering inferior vena cava)

Left crus of diaphragm

Abdominal aorta


Regional Transverse Section | Male Pelvis: Bladder-Prostate Junction


Superior portion of pubic symphysis

Spermatic cord

Beginning of urethra

Prostate gland with prostatic urethra

Psoas muscle and tendon

Iliacus muscle

Head of femur

Neck of femur

Gluteus medius muscle

Gluteus minimus tendon

Greater trochanter

Inferior gemellus muscle

Right sciatic nerve

Gluteus maximus muscle

Obturator internus muscle

Sacrotuberous ligament

Ejaculatory ducts

Perineal flexure (termination of rectum, beginning of anal canal)

Tip coccyx

Levator ani muscle (puborectalis)

Fat body of ischioanal fossa

Pudendal nerve

Internal pudendal artery and vein

Left sciatic nerve

Lunate (articular) surface of acetabulum

Acetabular fossa

Obturator artery, vein, and nerve

Gluteus medius muscle

Tensor fasciae latae muscle

Rectus femoris muscle

Iliopsoas muscle

Sartorius muscle

Femoral nerve

Femoral artery

Femoral vein

Pectineus muscle

Body of pubis
Adductor longus muscle
Interior of urinary bladder

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