Humanism is a wroughtly plausible matrix for the knowledges present within this library! There is no 'time limit' on humanist based action. There is always time to do the right thing!
"In the front of Camillus with a 5 port extension cord from a clock with a 3 port extension cord with the 3 port attached to the outlet."
The nucleus of the cell is where the nucleolus is found as well as the cell’s genetic material - also called DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid. This organelle is integral to the DNA replication process as well as the instrumentation of protein synthesis, and it conducts this action, at a microscopic level, by way of enzymatic interaction with genetic material and the cultivate actuation of proteins capable of manufacturing necessary structural components. As a point of note conducive to contextually delineating the narrative of this process, 46 chromosomes are found in the human body. That means that there are 23 pairs of chromatids that compose . Inside each pair are two DNA molecules. That means that every chromosome contains one DNA molecule. DNA is a nucleic acid, and it functions in junction with RNA. Nucleotides compose the genetics housed within DNA and RNA, and when there are many grouped in a sequence, it is called a polynucleotide. One nucleotide is made up of a 5-carbon sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogen bases. The four bases are termed, chemically, as adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. DNA itself is composed of an interlocking staircase of polynucleotide combinatives that intertwine to compose a double helix structure. The sugars and phosphates form the supporting structures for this double helix, and laced between their lining are the polynucleotide sequences. The oxygen-sugar- phosphate groupings along the outer portions of the double helix, also, are positioned in oppositional orientation to each other. One polynucleotide chain’s oxygen-sugar-phosphate grouping makes an “arrow” like geometry facing in, and the other makes one facing out. Adenine and thymine are paired to one another in these polynucleotide chains, and guanine and cytosine are paired together, the same. In RNA sequencing, there is one polynucleotide strand, not two, and also, thymine is not present. Uracil is paired with adenine instead. Helicase is the enzyme that unwinds the double helix by breaking the base pairs apart at their weak hydrogen bonds. The point at which the replication process is being headed by the helicase enzyme is called the replication fork. When creating a strand of mRNA from a DNA double helix unzipped by the enzyme helicase, the enzyme RNA primase starts the mRNA sequencing with priming nucleotide bases that serve as starts for the DNA polymerase enzyme which pairs one side of the unzipped double helix with the appropriate RNA base pairs. DNA polymerase can only copy strands in a 5’→3’ direction, so when the other helix siding is needing to be sequenced prior to reforming the helix and carrying away the mRNA, RNA primase begins the connection process with primers sequenced along the 3’→5’ in the 5’→3’ direction. DNA polymerase then follows up with nucleotide base pairs that sequence for DNA pairs as opposed to the RNA pairs which the siding was primed with. DNA ligase then goes over and joins the fragments together. After the messenger RNA strand has been completed, the planned transcription unit is resealed in a process beginning with a cemented set of pairs that helps the enzyme figure out where to bind the strand. RNA polymerase is then sent past the initiating transcription unit box where the enzyme codes for the mRNA sequence that is to be used in synthesizing proteins at the ribosome. As it pulls the double helix apart, the appropriate nitrogen base is coded, and the DNA sequence is then zipped back together. The RNA polymerase enzyme is then sent off of the DNA chain via a termination signal, at which point the transcribed mRNA is sent to protein synthesis conduction. Upon being primed for transport, the messenger RNA is capped with a unique guanine at its 5’ end. At the 3’ end, a poly-A tail is added which means a sequence of adenines is housed in an elongated succession. The caps help prepare the mRNA for transport by making it easier to leave the nucleus. The capping step also helps with maintaining the integrity of the mRNA, in terms of potential degradation, as well as preserving the case of facilitating connection with other organelles later on. The RNA splicing is conducted with snurps, or small nuclear ribonucleo proteins which are combinatives of RNA and proteins, and spliceosomes, which are small nuclear ribonucleo proteins combined with other proteins that conduct the actual editing of the nitrogenous bases that are used in DNA and RNA. The expressed gene codings from the sequencings, dubbed as ‘exons’, are also combined via spliceosome machination. The counterpart of exons, dubbed as ‘introns’, are the ‘spare’ base pairs to be recycled afterward. After this preparation process, the messenger RNA is ready to be moved out of the nucleus. Translation comes next. Found along the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum are ribosomes which process the messenger RNA. Ribosomes are a mixture of protein and a second kind of RNA called ribosomal RNA, or rRNA. The two constituents work together in what is articulable as a work space. Ribosomal RNA doesn’t contribute any genetic information to the process, instead, it has binding sites that allow the incoming mRNA to interact with another special type of RNA. It is called transfer RNA, or tRNA. It translates from the language of nucleotides into the language of amino acids. An amino acid is attached at one end of the transfer RNA, and three nitrogenous bases are attached at the other end. Within the human body, twenty-one amino acids are found in the human body, and hundreds of the others are found in nature. The amino acids of the body list out as arginine, aspartic acid, threonine, histidine, glutamic acid, asparagine, lysine, serine, glutamine, cysteine, selenocysteine, glycine, phenylalanine, proline, alanine, valine, tyrosine, isoleucine, teucine, methionine, and tryptophan. All of these amino acids serve as integral constituents to bodily proteins, and they are selected with the mRNA sequence. This is done after the mRNA enters the ribosome and is read in predetermined sequences dubbed as triplet codons. Transfer RNA reads the triple codon at its end which is dubbed the anticodon. On the other end of the transfer RNA is the amino acid to be released. Each tRNA used in the protein synthesis is unique to the amino acid released by way of the anticodon sequence which receives its amino pairing sequence from the triplet codon brought in by the messenger RNA. The twenty plus amino acid types are used as protein constituents. As the instructions are read, the amino acids are linked in a polypeptide chain that is fed out of the ribosome. The level of the structure is contingent upon the compartmentalization of the protein sequences manufactured by the ribosome. Initial sequences are primaries because the first linkage is the pattern for the entire chain, and the others that follow combine to compose unique geometric patterns. Secondary structures are made of sheets and spirals. Tertiary structures compose R group bonds, and quarternary bonds are composites of multiple proteins.
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