Topographic Anatomy | Head and Neck
Frontal bone
Definition: The frontal bone is the bone that forms the forehead and roof over most of the cranial structure.
Shape: The frontal bone is shaped in accordance with the region situated both above the orbits and between the lateral lobes of the skull.
Location: The frontal bone is located along the upper axes of the head, and it is serially positioned at the anterior of the skull. It is above the orbits and eye cavities.
Function: The frontal bone serves as protection for the brain and general head matter, and the frontal bone houses the orbits of the eye as well as the nasal cavity.
Supra-orbital notch
Definition: The supra-orbital notch is a foramen, or ‘opening’, in the bony upper border surface of the eye cavity that is situated in the middle of that orbit, or ‘eye cavity’, border.
Shape: The supra-orbital notch is small and round, and its form is defined by its open and facilitating structure.
Location: The supra-orbital notch is located along the bone about the eye where the eyebrows would be found parallel by alignment.
Function: The supra-orbital notch serves as the passage for the supraorbital nerve, supraorbital artery, and supraorbital vein.
Superciliary arch
Definition: The superciliary arch is the prominence of the frontal bone that is located above the eye. The superciliary arch is the architectural emphasis of the bone that carries the eyebrow along the upper curvature of the eye.
Shape: The superciliary arch is shaped as a concave crescent in relation to its inward curve being positioned about the eye’s fitting curvature and form.
Location: The superciliary arch is located above the eye.
Function: The superciliary arch functions as structural support for the whole of the cranial cavity and form, and the superciliary arch houses the bone mass that supports the eyebrows’ dermal tissue.
Glabella
Definition: The glabella is the smooth prominence that is located between the eyebrows.
Shape: The glabella is shaped as an acutely parted trapezoidal form of dynamic structural variance.
Location: The glabella is situated about its three-dimensional geometric space as a ‘bridge’ between the two eye cavities of the human skull.
Function: The glabella functions as structural support for the eyes and nose of the skull as well as the whole of the cranium’s incorporant congruous anatomy.
Nasal bone
Definition: The nasal bone is either of the two bones which are found in the skull of vertebrates that are located above the fissures positioned at the anterior of the frontal bones.
Shape: In humans, the nasal bone is abstract - but symmetrical - in shape, due to its morphology forming the junction of the bridge of the nose and part of the covering of the nasal cavity.
Location: The nasal bone is located along the axis of the nose which is situated between the eyes.
Function: The nasal bone functions as a structural piece of integrity and facilitation for the skull’s shape as well as its hosted respiratory capacity.
Anterior nares (nostrils)
Definition: The anterior nares, or ‘nostrils’, are either of the fleshy lateral walls of the nose located at the nasal cavity’s external dermal entrance.
Shape: The anterior nares are rounded in form. The anterior nares develop as morphologically conical in consideration of their processual connection as opening passages to the inner nasal cavity.
Location: The anterior nares are located at the external entrance of the nasal cavity which is structurally defined by the dermal tissue extending from the nasal bone.
Function: The anterior nares aid with air flow into the body via their morphological opening and physiological facilitation of the atmospheric environment found not only outside of the body’s anatomy but inside the same.
Philtrum
Definition: The philtrum is the vertical groove on the median line of the upper lip.
Shape: The philtrum is shaped as an indentation which houses its form along symmetrical axes granting of a ‘valleyed’ intermediary region in the upper lip’s structure.
Location: The philtrum is located below the nostrils.
Function: The philtrum functions as a facilitating facial element for the different working relationships and needs found between the nose and the mouth.
Nasolabial sulci
Definition: The nasolabial sulci are the creases that run from the ala of the nose to the corner of the mouth. The nasolabial sulci frame the sides of the external upper mouth.
Shape: The nasolabial sulci are shaped as indentations, or ‘interpretable linearities’, that typically extend from the ala of the nose toward the outer points of the lips.
Location: The nasolabial sulci span from the outer nostrils as ‘definable facial elements’ which end at the mouth.
Function: The nasolabial sulci function as elements about the face’s form that are the operant structural result of the osteological and myological morphology which is found below the skin’s surface.
Tubercle of the superior lip
Definition: The tubercle of the superior lip is a protuberance which is found as the medial head in the middle of the upper lip.
Shape: The tubercle of the superior lip is shaped as a prominent section of the upper lip that ‘announces’ the middle section of its form.
Location: The tubercle of the superior lip is located directly in the middle of the upper lip.
Function: The tubercle of the superior lip functions as a morphological form of emphasized physiological capacity purposed for sensing matter that is about the body as well as matter that is taken into the body via the mouth.
Vermillion border
Definition: The vermillion border is the vivid reddish orange around either of the two fleshy folds that surround the mouth in humans.
Shape: The vermillion border is shaped in the same form as the whole of the upper axes of the superior lip.
Location: The vermillion border is located along the upper axes of the superior lip.
Function: The vermillion border functions as a morphological form that emphasizes the coloration of the lip for purposes of signalling unique bioevolutionary mechanics and traits.
Mental protuberance
Definition: The mental protuberance is the bony prominence at the front of the lower jaw forming the chin.
Shape: The mental protuberance is shaped in the general form of the mandibles dermatologically housed lower end.
Location: The mental protuberance is located at the chin of the face.
Function: The mental protuberance functions as a morphological feature which articulates the unique roles performed by the mandible and also the cranial cavity by way of its associated movement, locomotion and structure.
Thyroid cartilage
Definition: The thyroid cartilage is the chief cartilage of the larynx that consists of two broad lamellae (dermatological membrane layers) joined at an angle. The thyroid cartilage also forms the Adam's apple.
Shape: The thyroid cartilage is shaped as a pairing of ‘flaps’ joined along the length of the larynx.
Location: The thyroid cartilage is located along the central longitudinal axes of the larynx.
Function: The thyroid cartilage functions as a processual element in the activity and morphology of the throat.
Jugular notch
Definition: The jugular notch is the depression at the top of the sternum.
Shape: The jugular notch is shaped as a depression that molds to the dermatological form of the neck’s axial connection with the medial axis of the chest.
Location: The jugular notch is located right below the base of the neck where the chest cavity houses the pectoral girdle.
Function: The jugular notch functions as a position which signifies where the neck meets the pectoral region of the upper body as well as the skeletal forms found directly associated with its structure.
Sternal head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Definition: The sternal head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is the connective sternal structure at the end of a thick superficial muscle on each side of the neck.
Shape: The sternal head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is shaped along the inner axes of the upper chest where the body’s sternum meets the musculature which connects any associated fibers to the accompanying navigational regions of the skull.
Location: The sternal head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is located along the neck’s musculature. Its locale is relegated from the upper sections of the sternum to the rear sections of the cranium. That track of linearity is where the muscle spans as morphologically present and capable.
Function: The sternal head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle inserts into the mastoid process as well as the occipital bone, and it acts to bend, rotate, flex, and extend the head structure.
Clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Definition: The clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is the connective clavicular structure at the end of a thick superficial muscle on each side of the neck.
Shape: The clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is shaped along the head of the clavicle where the body’s upper chest and the body’s sternum meet the musculature which connects any associated fibers to the accompanying navigational regions of the skull.
Location: The clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is located along the neck’s musculature. Its locale is relegated to the endpoints of the clavicle to the rear of the cranium. That track of linearity is where the muscle spans as morphologically present and capable.
Function: The clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle inserts into the mastoid process as well as the occipital bone, and it acts to bend, rotate, flex, and extend the head structure.
Clavicle
Definition: The clavicle is the bone of the shoulder girdle that serves to link the scapula and the sternum.
Shape: The clavicle is shaped as a linear form that extends from the central chest to the shoulder.
Location: The clavicle is located along the upper chest where the chest region below the shoulder houses the small space above the rib cage and sternum.
Function: The clavicle functions as structural support for the neck as well as the head, by extension, and it serves in the way of assisting with arm mobility and rotation.
Trapezius muscle
Definition: The trapezius muscle is the large flat triangular superficial muscle on each side of the upper back.
Shape: The trapezius muscle is shaped as a triangular muscle with the point of suppositional singularity between its ‘three total points’ found as an isolatudinous metric situated at the outer region of the back near the shoulder. The trapezius muscle extends from the shoulder to the head to the back, back to shoulder.
Location: The trapezius muscle is located along the axes of the upper back, and it extends outward to the shoulder from a linearity that connects the head and back by myological principle.
Function: The trapezius muscle functions as a direct aid to the mobility and strength of the arms, shoulders, upper back, head, and neck.
Brachial plexus
Definition: The brachial plexus is the network of nerves lying mostly in the armpit which supplies nerves to the chest, shoulder, and arm.
Shape: The brachial plexus is shaped as what can be described as a tubular gathering due to its fibrous connective tissue being purposed with the interwoven complexity of transversable elongation.
Location: The brachial plexus is located along the axes of the armpit where it extends from the arm inwards, or ‘outwards’, to the neck.
Function: The brachial plexus conducts the neurological communications between the arm, the neck and the head.
Inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle
Definition: The inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle is the small cavity of muscle that arises from the upper border of the scapula. It is inserted in the body of the hyoid bone, and it acts to draw the hyoid bone in a caudal direction.
Shape: The inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle is shaped as a comparatively small fibrous band of musculature tissue situated toward the rear of the lower neck.
Location: The inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle is located behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle. It is situated along the neck where the first portions of the sternocleidomastoid muscle begin to connect with the clavicular and sternal regions.
Function: The inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle functions as the conducting musculature for the neck and mouth which is connected to myological fibrous tissue that extends to the rear of the body along the axes of the shoulder. The inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle assists with connecting the mouth, neck, throat, and shoulder to one another via facilitated locomotion and housing musculature structure.
External jugular vein
Definition: The external jugular vein is a superficial vein in the neck that drains blood from the face, scalp, and neck.
Shape: The external jugular vein is shaped as a tubular elongation from the side of the mandible along the length of the neck.
Location: The external jugular vein is located along the longitudinal axes of the side of the neck.
Function: The external jugular vein functions as a highway for blood that leaves the face, scalp, and neck and, then, returns to the heart for continued circulation.
Submandibular gland
Definition: The submandibular gland is the gland found situated in the region below the lower jaw.
Shape: The submandibular gland is shaped as a mass small enough to be housed within the standard areatic locale of the lower jaw’s morphology.
Location: The submandibular gland is located below the mandible.
Function: The submandibular gland is a salivary gland that produces saliva and drains it into the mouth.
The submandibular gland is situated in the region below the lower jaw.
Angle of the mandible
Definition: The angle of the mandible is the angular dimension of the lower jaw with its investing soft parts.
Shape: The angle of the mandible is shaped in the light of how the ramus meets the larger skull body.
Location: The angle of the mandible is located at the point of connection between the ramus and the skull.
Function: The angle of the mandible functions as the articulation of the lower jaws angulature in relation to its cranial locomotion.
Commissure of the lips
Definition: The commissure of the lips is the point, or line, of union, or junction, between either of the two fleshy folds of dermal tissue that surround the oral cavity’s opening.
Shape: The commissure of the lips is shaped as a curved linearity that spans the full length of the mouth’s opening.
Location: The commissure of the lips is located along the latitudinality of the oral cavity’s dermal surface.
Function: The commissure of the lips functions as a natural barrier between the internal oral cavity and its surface exterior.
Lobule of the ear
Definition: The lobule of the ear is the rounded mass positioned at the base of the ear’s form.
Shape: The lobule of the ear is shaped as a curved form of no significantly greater or lesser mass than the rest of the ear’s morphology.
Location: The lobule of the ear is located at the bottom of the ear’s morphology.
Function: The lobule of the ear functions as a mass of balancing tissue which operates in tandem with the ear’s physiology to assist in the homeostasis conducted about the entire ear’s morphology.
Ala of the nose
Definition: The ala of the nose is the wing, or ‘wing-like’, anatomy of the face that is found directly outward of the nostrils and is positioned at the anterior part of the nasal cavity.
Shape: The ala of the nose is shaped as a rounded mass that forms along the dynamic three-dimensional environment outside of the nostrils of the nose organ.
Location: The ala of the nose is located along the dermal exterior of the nostrils.
Function: The ala of the nose functions as a morphological barrier for the nasal cavity that emphasizes, also, its capacity for sensitivity and physiological capacity.
Antitragus
Definition: The antitragus is the prominence on the lower posterior portion of the concha which is found along the region of the external ear. The antitragus is situated across from the tragus.
Shape: The antitragus is shaped as a pronounced curve morphologically matching, in part, to its axial counter - the tragus.
Location: The antitragus is located above the lobule of the ear.
Function: The antitragus functions as a general aid to the physiology of the ear, given that its morphology is one that aids and assists with sound conduction, heat temperament, and blood circulation.
Antihelix
Definition: The antihelix is the curved elevation of cartilage located within or in front of the helix.
Shape: The antihelix is shaped as a pronounced linear form which curves from the anti-tragus to the uppermost portions of the inner ear.
Location: The antihelix is located toward the posterior of the ear’s morphology and is situated just before the outer rim of the ear.
Function: The antihelix functions as a general aid to the physiology of the ear, given that its morphology is one that aids and assists with sound conduction, heat temperament, and blood circulation.
Tragus
Definition: The tragus is the prominence in front of the external opening of the outer ear.
Shape: The tragus is shaped as a rounded processual form that develops across from the antitragus.
Location: The tragus is located at the dermal surface of the external channeling of the lower anterior ear’s anatomy.
Function: The tragus functions as a general aid to the physiology of the ear, given that its morphology is one that aids and assists with sound conduction, heat temperament, and blood circulation.
Helix
Definition: The helix is the curved inner rim of the external ear situated along its outward curved dimensions.
Shape: The helix is shaped as a curve that spans the full length of the rim of the upper ear.
Location: The helix is located along the whole of the upper ear’s anatomy.
Function: The helix functions as a general aid to the physiology of the ear, given that its morphology is one that aids and assists with sound conduction, heat temperament, and blood circulation.
Zygomatic bone
Definition: The zygomatic bone is the bone of the face situated below the eye that, in mammals, forms part of the zygomatic arch as well as part of the orbit.
Shape: The zygomatic bone is shaped as a highly dynamic three dimensional construction which morphologically shapes to the structural architecture housed directly along the outer laterals of the eye cavity.
Location: The zygomatic bone is located next to the orbits of the skull.
Function: The zygomatic bone functions as structural support and protection for the orbits as well as the frontal areas of the face.
Infra-orbital margin
Definition: The infra-orbital margin is the region situated beneath the orbit of the eye.
Shape: The infra-orbital margin is shaped as a curved rim that spans the lower surface of the orbit of the eye.
Location: The infra-orbital margin is located at the base of the external eye cavity’s surface morphology.
Function: The infra-orbital margin functions as a piece of structural support for the eye cavity as well as the surrounding cranial morphology.
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